The first weight which I think the vendor should have is 1 g weight. Then I was in a dilemma should I opt for 3 g or 2 g. Initially, I chose 2g and I was able to get a maximum of 3 g but if I chose 3g then 3-1 will give me 2 and 3+ 1 will give 4g. So, till now I thought 1g and 3g should be fine to weigh the herbs till 4g. Now in order to weigh 5 g next highest weigh should be 9 g since, 9-3-1 = 5 g, I tried with 8g but Using 1, 3 and 8. I was able to get to the maximum at 12 g in comparison to 9,1,3 which leads to 13. For instance, I chose 1,3,8 then the highest weight I figured out was 25g since 25-8-3-1= 13g, But using 1,3,8,25 the maximum I was able to reach was 37g( 1+3+8+25). Therefore, I figured out I should choose 9 instead of 8. Since 1, 3, 9 covered all the weighs from 5g to 13g.
9-3-1=5
9-3=6
9-3+1=7
9-1=8
9+1=10
9+3-1=11
9+3=12
9+3+1=13
The weight should be 27g since 1+3+9+x= 40, so x=27g.
Moreover, using 1,3,9,27 we can have the weighs after 13g.
27-9-3-1=14 27-9+3=21 27+3-1=29 27+9=36
27-9-3=15 27-9+3+1=22 27+3=30 27+9+1=37
27-9-3+1=16 27-3-1=23 27+3+1=31 27+9+3-1=38
27-9-1=17 27-3=24 27+9-3-1=32 27+9+3=39
27-9=18 27-3+1=25 27+9-3=33 27+9+1+3=40
27-9+1=19 27-1=26 27+9-3+1=34
27-9+3-1=20 27+1=28 27+9-1=35
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